沙澧河流域二里头文化时期农业模式初探--基于河南漯河沟李遗址出土植物遗存的分析

A Preliminary Investigation of Agricultural Pattern in the Erlitou Period of Shali River Valley:New Evidence from the Gouli Site of Luohe City

农业作为支撑早期国家运行的重要经济基础,历来受到研究者的普遍重视。然而,当前二里头文化时期的相关研究还十分有限,且在区域和遗址类型方面存在很多空白。在此背景之下,本文选取漯河沟李遗址开展了系统的植物考古采样和分析,结果表明当地二里头文化时期的农业生产以粟为主,黍为次,兼有少量水稻和大豆的利用。同时,区域间的比较不难看出,这一模式普遍存在于中原地区同时期的各个遗址中,具有较强的区域共性。此外,对沟李遗址所在沙澧河流域早期农业发展历程的梳理显示,当地的植物资源利用模式经历了多次转变,粟黍为主的农业模式至少在仰韶文化晚期已经确立,二里头时期的这一农业特征实际上具有深厚的本地传统。

As the economic foundation of early states,agriculture and its related issues have always attracted worldwide academic attentions.Only a little archaeobotanical work,however,has been conducted in the sites of Erlitou period,the first state of ancient China with popular acknowledgement.Current available data are mainly confined to the central sites of the Mount Song region,while targeted research is almost absent in other regions.In this article,systematic sampling and analysis of plant remains from the Gouli site of Luohe city has been conducted,and the result indicates that agricultural practice in the Erlitou period of Shali River Valley was mainly based on cultivation of foxtail millet and broomcorn millet,along with a little contribution of rice and soybean.Furthermore,inter-regional comparison reveals that this crop pattern was quite common in the contemporaneous settlements in central China.Besides,diachronic comparison also suggests that this crop pattern was formed quite early in the Shali River Valley,possibly no later than 5500-5000 B.P.,and several shifts of subsistence patterns occurred in the early period.