曹知白晚年画风转变研究

Research on the Transformation of Cao Zhibai’s Painting Style in His Later Life

关于元代绘画流派研究多为流派本身的深耕,流派间承启的追根溯源、艺术价值等研究尚未展开,曹知白恰恰是众多经历承启的画家中颇有建树的一位。本文就曹知白晚年绘画风格转变背后的成因进行初步探讨。他的转变不仅仅受个人因素的影响,更反映了元代山水画的发展脉络。其一,元代中晚期特殊的政治环境,导致李郭画派恢弘精致的风格失去市场;其二,文人士大夫阶层仕途受阻转而隐逸于笔墨丹青,董巨画派拙雅放逸的风格得以盛行;其三,曹知白归隐家乡成为雅集活动的主要倡导者,与黄公望、倪瓒等董巨画派名家的交往与切磋,使得其晚年美学思想、绘画风格转变。

Most of the researches on the painting schools of the Yuan dynasty are in-depth studies focusing on the schools themselves,while few researches have been done on the connection between various schools and artistic values of them.Cao Zhibai was one of most outstanding artists that experiencing the genres alternation.This article carries out a preliminary discussion on the causes of transformation of Cao Zhibai’s painting style in his later life.The transformation of his painting style was not only affected by personal factors,but also a reflection of the development of landscape painting style during the Yuan dynasty.Firstly,the special political environment in the middle and late Yuan dynasty made the magnificent and exquisite style of the Li Guo School lose its attraction.Secondly,the Literati and officialdom were blocked in their official career and turned to seclusion in the brush and ink painting,so the elegant and free style of the Dong Ju school prevailed in that case.Thirdly,Cao Zhibai retired and returned to his hometown and became the main advocate of the art gathering activities.His association with Huang Gongwang,Ni Zan and other famous painters of the Dong Ju painting school resulted in the convergence of his aesthetic thoughts in his later years and the change of his painting style.