张照与高士奇家族的姻亲关系及对其书法的影响

The Affinity Between Zhang Zhao and Gao Shiqi Family and the Influence on His Calligraphy

张照是清前期重要书家和乾隆朝官样书风的代表。作为高士奇的孙女婿,张照从少年时代到高士奇家观摩法书,到与高祥婚后,对高祥所携来的书画嫁妆的时时临摹鉴赏,再到与岳父高舆,妻弟高岱、高嵩、高衡间的书法交流品鉴,直接促进了自身书法水平和鉴赏能力的提升。通过研究考证,张照少年时观摩题签高家所藏柳公权《度人经》、杨凝式《韭花帖》的具体时间和地点得以明晰。而张照获观名迹的原因,在于其外祖父王九龄与高士奇的友善。张照应该在少年时即与高祥订亲,并在西溪见到高士奇。高祥结婚时带来了数量较多的古代书画名迹作为嫁妆,夫妻二人时时品书论画,题识吟哦,形成了二人婚后的书画生活。高祥的书画嫁妆有一部分被高舆索回卖出,这有高舆轻财好施不蓄资财的因素,更有免除他人觊觎横夺的隐由。

Zhang Zhao was an important calligrapher in the early Qing dynasty and a representative of the official calligraphic style in the Qianlong period.He went to Gao Shiqi’s residence to observe calligraphy since his youth,and he frequently appreciated and copied calligraphy and painting works from Gao Xiang(Gao Shiqi’s granddaughter)’s dowry after they married.Then he exchanged ideas on calligraphy with his father-in-law Gao Yu and brothers-in-law Gao Dai,Gao Song and Gao Heng,all of which directly improved Zhang Zhao’s calligraphy level and appreciation ability.Through research and verification,it can be clarified about the specific time and place of Zhang Zhao’s observation and inscription of Liu Gongquan’s Du Ren Jing[度人经]and Yang Ningshi’s Jiu Hua Tie[韭花帖]in the Gao’s collection when he was a teenager.The reason why Zhang Zhao obtained the opportunity of observing famous calligraphy is the friendly relationship between his grandfather Wang Jiuling and Gao Shiqi.Zhang Zhao should have been engaged to Gao Xiang when he was a teenager,and met Gao Shiqi in Xixi.When they got married,Gao Xiang brought a large number of ancient calligraphy and painting works as her dowry.The couple frequently appreciated and commented calligraphy and painting works,wrote notes,and read and recited poems together.Part of Gao Xiang’s calligraphy and painting dowry was later taken back and sold by Gao Yu because of the fact that he was generous and not fond of saving money,as well as his intention to keep the wealth from other covetous ones.