乡村振兴视阈下盘活利用农村闲置宅基地的理论与实践——基于安徽省两个案例的考察

Theory and Practice on Revitalization and Utilization of Rural Residential Land from the Perspective of Rural Vitalization:Based on the Investigation of Two Cases in Anhui Province

在乡村振兴背景下,开展农村闲置宅基地盘活利用需回答“为何盘活利用”“盘活利用受何因素影响”“如何盘活利用”“谁来盘活利用”等理论问题。本文援引土地资源优化配置理论、推拉理论、乡村多功能性理论及多中心治理理论对闲置宅基地盘活利用进行理论阐释,以传统农区滁州市南谯区施集镇井楠村和城市近郊区合肥市庐阳区三十岗乡崔岗村为例,对两个村探索的实践样态进行案例分析和评价。通过理论阐释和案例考察,本文指出在乡村振兴视阈下盘活利用闲置宅基地应以提高农村土地利用效率、增加农民收入及壮大村集体经济为目标,统筹考虑村庄区位条件、资源禀赋和产业基础等,着眼于发展农村新产业新业态,推动要素跨界配置和产业有机融合,因地制宜选择盘活利用模式,支持多方主体采取多种方式盘活利用闲置宅基地。最后结合新一轮农村宅基地制度改革,提出促进农村闲置宅基地盘活利用的相关政策建议。

Based on the background of rural vitalization, it is necessary to answer several theoretical questions such as “why to revitalize and use” “what factors affect the revitalization and utilization” “how to revitalize and use” and “who will revitalize and use” in the practice of utilization of rural residential land. This paper explains the above theoretical problems by quoting the land resources optimal allocation theory, push-pull theory, rural multi-function theory and polycentric governance theory, and selects two cases of traditional agricultural area and urban suburban area for investigation. This paper points out that the revitalization and utilization of rural residential land should aim at improving rural land use efficiency, increasing farmers’ income and expanding the village collective economy, comprehensively consider the village location conditions, resource endowment and industrial foundation, focus on the development of new rural industries and formats, and promote the cross-border allocation of factors and the organic integration of industries, reasonably choose the revitalization and utilization mode according to local conditions, and support multiple entities to revitalize and utilize rural residential land by various ways. Finally, this paper puts forward several policies and suggestions based on land certified program to promote the revitalization and utilization of rural residential land.