我国及毗邻国家重要蝗虫迁飞规律

Migration dynamics of important locust species in China and adjacent countries

蝗虫灾害是国际性的自然生物灾害,涉及多个国家和地区,大发生时对全球经济和环境造成严重影响。该文列举出中国及毗邻国家对我国产生影响的主要迁飞蝗虫种类,分析东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis(Meyen)、亚洲飞蝗Locusta migratoria migratoria(L.)、西藏飞蝗Locusta migratoria tibetensis Chen、亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus(Bey-Bienko)、意大利星翅蝗Calliptamus italicus(L.)和黄脊竹蝗Ceracris kiangsu Tsai共6种重要蝗虫种群的迁飞动态,重点介绍境外蝗虫入境的迁飞路线,揭示蝗虫主要借助低空气流进行迁飞,发现群居型蝗虫迁飞现象普遍存在,迁飞是导致其猖獗为害、暴发成灾的重要因子,并就如何开展迁飞蝗虫监测和防治工作提出建议。

Locust plagues result in significant environmental and economic impacts both at the regional and country scales.If prolonged and widespread,these plagues represent natural disasters at an international level.In this review,the main migratory locust species in China along with several high-impact locust species occurring both in China and adjacent countries that could invade into China were listed.The migration dynamics of six important gregarious locusts,i.e.,Locusta migratoria manilensis(Meyen),Locusta migratoria migratoria(L.),Locusta migratoria tibetensis Chen,Oedaleus asiaticus(Bey-Bienko),Calliptamus italicus(L.),Ceracris kiangsu Tsai were analyzed,and then the migration pathways of the species occurring in adjacent countries into China were introduced.The analysis showed that locusts could migrate over long distances,predominantly by the low-air flow,and that long-distance flight was an important factor that facilitated the outbreaks of gregarious locusts and subsequent widespread damage.Finally,several strategies to monitor and control these high-impact insect pests were proposed.