我国主要农作物蚜虫生物防治的研究进展、应用与展望

Research progresses,application,and prospects in aphid biological control on main crops in China

蚜虫是农业生产上的重大害虫,不仅通过取食韧皮部直接为害植物,还会传播很多植物病毒病,严重影响农作物产量和品质。目前防治蚜虫仍以化学农药为主,然而生物防治作为绿色环保、可持续的防治策略在这几十年中也得到了长足发展。该文对我国近60年关于主要农作物蚜虫生物防治的研究进展进行概述,包括主要农作物蚜虫的天敌资源(主要寄生性天敌196种,主要捕食性天敌16种,主要病原微生物6种)、蚜虫主要天敌生物学和生态学研究、人工扩繁及应用技术及植物抗蚜机制和抗蚜种质资源挖掘,并对目前蚜虫生物防治中存在的问题及未来的研究方向进行展望,以期为蚜虫生物防治技术的发展和推广应用提供参考。

Aphids are important agricultural pests,which not only directly damage plants by feeding on the phloem,but also transmit numerous plant viruses,causing great damage to the yield and quality of crops.At present,the control of aphids mainly relies on chemical pesticides.However,biological control of aphids as a green and sustainable control strategy has also developed in the past few decades in China.In this review,the progresses in aphid biological control in China in the past 60 years were reviewed.The natural enemy resources of aphids in China,including 196 species of important parasitoids,16 species of important predatory insects,and six species of insect pathogens was also summarized;meanwhile,the biological and ecological research,as well as artificial propagation and application technology of the main natural enemies of aphids were also reviewed.In addition,the plant resistance mechanisms and the aphid-resistant germplasm resources were outlined;the current problems in aphid biological control were discussed,and suggestions for future research were made.This review provides a reference for the development and application of aphid biological control technology.