植物病毒经介体昆虫唾液腺水平传播至寄主韧皮部机制的研究进展及展望

Research advances and prospects for the mechanisms of horizontal transmission of plant virus via salivary glands of insect vectors to host phloem

很多植物病毒经介体昆虫以持久循回型的方式水平传播至寄主韧皮部致病,而唾液腺是介体昆虫持久传毒的重要器官,也是植物病毒在介体昆虫内循回需要克服的最后一道防线。持久性植物病毒要完成水平传播,必须突破昆虫唾液腺屏障的阻碍,因此病毒和介体昆虫间形成了“攻”与“守”的较量与对决。揭示持久性植物病毒克服昆虫唾液腺屏障,实现水平传播的机制,对病害控制具有重要意义。该文着眼于介体昆虫唾液腺在持久传毒过程中的重要功能,回顾了虫传植物病毒突破介体昆虫唾液腺侵入屏障和释放屏障的分子机制,探讨了昆虫唾液蛋白通过调节植物或昆虫的适应性和行为促进或抑制病毒水平传播的功能,为制定阻断介体昆虫传播植物病毒途径的防控策略提供理论依据。

Many plant viruses are horizontally transmitted to phloem of host for causing disease by insect vectors in persistent circulative manner.The salivary glands of insect vectors are the vital organ for persistent transmission of viruses,and serve as the last barrier for the circulation of plant viruses in insects.To accomplish the horizontal transmission,persistent plant viruses have to overcome the salivary gland infection and escape barriers,which results in the“defense and counter-defense”between the plant viruses and insect vectors.It is of importance for plant disease control to understand the mechanisms underlying persistent plant viruses overcoming salivary gland barriers for horizontal transmission.This review focused on the important functions of insect salivary glands for persistent viral transmission,and the advances in molecular mechanisms of viruses overcoming salivary gland infection and escape barriers.How the salivary proteins modulating plant or insect fitness and behaviors for promoting or inhibiting horizontal transmission of plant viruses were also discussed.This review was also expected to provide the theoretical base for exploring the management of viral diseases through blocking viral transmission via insect vectors.