作物病害监测预警研究进展

Research progresses in monitoring and prediction of crop diseases

作物侵染性病害是影响作物安全生产的重要生物灾害,具有突发性、暴发性和强流行性等特点,常常造成巨大的损失。近年来,随着病菌孢子捕捉、遥感、地理信息系统、卫星定位系统、大气环流分析、分子生物学、人工智能、大数据和物联网等技术的快速发展与应用,作物病害监测预警技术取得了重要进展,大幅度提高了对病害监测和预测的准确度。该文综述了小麦、水稻、玉米和马铃薯等粮食作物的6种重大病害监测预警工作的研究进展及应用情况,同时,探讨了我国作物病害监测预警工作中存在的主要问题,并提出了未来作物病害监测预警的前景和发展方向。

Infectious crop diseases can cause significant food losses due to their explosive nature.In recent years,the rapid development in many areas,such as pathogen inoculum trapping,remote sensing,geographic information system,global positioning system,atmospheric circulation modelling,molecular biology,artificial intelligence,big data analytics and Internet of Things(IoT),has made it possible to predict crop disease development reliably at a fine spatio-temporal resolution.In this review,we reviewed the current status of research and development in monitoring and predicting six major diseases of wheat,rice,maize,and potato.At the same time,we also identified some key research questions on crop disease monitoring and prediction in China that should be tackled in the near future in order to exploit fully these technology advances in disease management.