我国土壤熏蒸消毒60年回顾

Review on 60 years of soil fumigation and disinfestation in China

熏蒸剂棉隆和氯化苦于20世纪60年代在我国曾用于棉花黄萎病的防治,由于缺乏施药机械、相关施药标准和方法,加之与国外交流甚少,虽然发现熏蒸剂对土传病害有一定的效果,但一直未形成规模化应用。我国大量使用熏蒸剂进行土壤消毒处理始于20世纪90年代,随着溴甲烷的引进与广泛应用,溴甲烷的替代技术及产品研发,开启了我国土壤熏蒸消毒的新纪元。伴随着土壤消毒技术与理论的不断丰富,新型配套机械装备的成功研发,社会化服务模式的广泛运用,土壤熏蒸消毒在我国进入快速发展时期,大批专业化服务组织应运而生,为我国农作物病虫害的绿色防控、实施乡村振兴战略提供了强有力的技术支撑。该文从土壤熏蒸剂的种类、发展历史、基础理论的建立与阐明3方面综述了我国土壤熏蒸发展情况,并对我国土壤熏蒸消毒未来发展方向提出了展望。

Dazomet and chloropicrin were used in the control of cotton Verticillium wilt in China in the 1960s.Although the fumigants have a certain control effect on soil-borne diseases,they had not formed a large-scale application due to the lack of application machinery,relevant standards,application methods and communication with developed countries during this period.The extensive use of fumigants for soil disinfestation in China began in the 1990s.With the import and wide application of methyl bromide,soil fumigation ushered in a new development in China.With the enrichment of soil fumigation technologies and theories,the successful development of machinery,and the wide application of social service models,soil fumigation has entered a rapid development in China.A large number of professional service organizations had been established,providing strong technical support for the green control of crop diseases and pests in China and the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.This paper reviewed the development of soil fumigation in China from three aspects:the types of soil fumigation agents,the development history,the establishment and clarification of basic theories,and put forward the new prospects for the future development of soil fumigation in China.