人们为什么不守法?——守法理论研究述评

Why People Not Obey the Law?:A Review of Legal Compliance Theory

规制和治理研究领域的一个重要议题是人们为什么守法或不守法。本文总结了守法的主要影响因素,包括威慑、认受性、同伴压力(或社会规范)、违法机会和法律的表达等。这些影响因素的组合构成了不同的守法结构,从而形成不同的守法行为样态。不同的规制和治理领域(如环境污染、逃税、违反交通规则、食品安全等),守法因素的影响力也呈现差异性。新冠肺炎疫情下,不同国家民众对疫情防控措施的遵守程度及其影响因素不同,而守法理论的研究对疫情防控政策的制定和有效实施具有重要意义。在规制者与受规制者的互动视角下,对受规制者的守法行为研究将为规制者的规制策略制定和效果提供评估与依据。

Why do people obey or not obey the law is one of the important issues of the regulation and governance research field.This article introduces the major factors of legal compliance,including deterrence,legitimacy,peer pressure(or social norms),opportunity to evade the law,and the expressive powers of law.The combinations of these factors have led to different legal compliance structure,and thus resulted in various legal compliance behavior patterns.The gravity of legal compliance factors varies from different areas of regulation and governance(e.g.,environmental pollution,tax evasion,violations of traffic rules,food safety,etc.).Under the Covid-19 pandemic conditions,the level of compliance with the mitigation measures in different countries and the factors that lead to such difference varies.The study of the legal compliance theory will be significant to the covid-19 mitigation policies-making and the effectiveness of the law enforcement.Drawing on the perspective of the interaction between the regulators and the regulated,the study on the compliance behavior of the regulated provides evaluations and account for the regulators’regulatory strategy and regulatory outcome.