傳教士文獻反映的澳門型粤語兩百年變化

The Changes of Macao Cantonese Reflected in Missionary Literature in the Past Two Hundred Years

本文使用6種傳教士文獻和3種田野調查材料,研究和分析兩個世紀以來的澳門型粤語的語言接觸情況。澳門型粤語20世紀以前(1897年)是典型的香山型粤語,在20世紀20年代,由於社會動蕩,澳門型粤語産生重大變化,20世紀中旬(1941年)就已經接近廣州型粤語。1897年同音的一些字,如“加瓜k、處娶y、增正ɐŋ、真津ɐn、五壅ʊŋg”,1941年變成了不同音;疑母細音ŋ聲母變成j;非敷奉和溪母合口h變成f;還有oi分出三類ɔi、øy、ui;聲調由6個變成8個等等。我們認爲,這些新的音類都是受廣州話的接觸影響而産生的。

This paper uses 6 kinds of missionary documents and 3 kinds of fieldwork materials to study and analyze the language contact of Macao Cantonese in the past two centuries.Before the 20th century(1897),Macao Cantonese was a typical Xiangshan Cantonese.In the 1920s,due to the social unrest,the Cantonese of Macao changed greatly.In the middle of the 20th century(1941),it was close to the Cantonese of Guangzhou.Pronunciation of homophones in 1897 Chinese characters,such as加瓜k、處娶y、增正ɐŋ、真津ɐn、五壅ʊŋ,in 1941 into a different sound;the velar nasal initial“ŋ”becomes“j”;the glottal fricative initial“h”becomes“f”;final“oi”divided into three categories“ɔi,øy and ui”.The tones went from six to eight.We believe that these new sound categories are all influenced by Cantonese of Guangzhou.