歌德的《驯狮》:政治秩序中作为他者的动物

Goethe’s Novelle:Animals as the Other in the Political Order

如果基于十九世纪初期动物学发展的历史语境来看歌德的《驯狮》,可以发现:经历了边缘化和“异托邦”化,动物逐渐成为人类社会的他者,并因而成为建构人类政治秩序的重要因素。通过这种建构,作为自然生命的动物得以被排除在契约式的政治秩序之外。其结果既保障了政治秩序的存在,又使动物作为危险因素的象征参与了政治秩序的建构。

Viewing Goethe’s Novelle in the historical context of the development of zoology in the early nineteenth century,this paper finds that due to marginalization and the form of“heterotopia”,animals have gradually become the Other of human society and thus a crucial factor in the construction of the human political order.Through this construction,animals,as natural beings,are excluded from the contractual political order.As a result,the existence of political order is guaranteed,while animals are regarded as a symbol of danger in the construction of it.