感应电机和液压制动的新能源汽车协同制动建模与设计

Modeling and Design of Collaborative Braking for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Induction Motor and Hydraulic Braking

在混合模式制动应用中,需要对电动机/发电机和液压阀进行控制,以满足驾驶员的制动需求。控制这些制动元件是通过调节电动机/发电机产生的电流和调节流向车轮制动缸的液压来实现的。文章对再生制动和液压制动系统即感应电机、逆变器、镍氢电池、控制器、压力源、压力控制单元和制动卡钳进行建模和设计。15 kW、1500 r/min的感应电机配备一个减速齿轮,齿轮传动比为4,使用了能够产生40 bar液压的液压制动器。在电动机/发电机和液压电磁阀中,选择直接转矩控制和压力控制作为控制标准。在MATLAB/Simulink中开发了两个仿真模型来分析各个制动系统中控制策略的性能。结果表明:该控制系统在制动系统中引入转矩脉动和压力振荡,压力脉动的高频特性和车辆惯性的阻尼效应不影响车辆的制动性能,实验结果也证明了该模型的有效性。

In hybrid mode braking applications,it is necessary to control the motor/generator(M/G)and hydraulic valve to meet the braking requirements of the driver.Control of these brake elements is achieved by adjusting the current generated by M/G and regulating the hydraulic flow to the wheel brake cylinder.This paper aims to model and design regenerative and hydraulic braking systems,including induction motors,inverters,nickel-metal hydride batteries,controllers,pressure sources,pressure control units and brake calipers.A 15 kW,1500 RPM induction motor with a reduction gear with a gear ratio of 4 uses hydraulic brakes capable of producing up to 40 bar of hydraulic pressure.In M/G and hydraulic solenoid valves,direct torque control and pressure control are selected as control standards.Two simulation models were developed in MATLAB/Simulink to analyze the performance of the control strategy in each braking system,and the correctness of the models was verified by experiments.The research results show that the control system introduces torque ripple and pressure oscillation into the braking system,but because of the high frequency characteristics of pressure ripple and the damping effect of vehicle inertia,these influences do not affect the braking performance of the vehicle.The experimental results also prove the effectiveness of the model.