太湖流域农村生活污水产污特征及治理模式分析

Analysis on generation characteristics and management mode of rural domestic sewage in Taihu Lake Basin

为了分析农村生活污水产生特征和治理模式,选取太湖流域典型农村多个样本家庭作为研究对象,采用源分类的方法,研究了污水产生的时间分布和污染物负荷在各类源中的分布等特征.结果表明:研究区域农村生活污水产生系数为(97.7±25.1)L/(cap·d),生活污水每天有2~3个产生高峰,同步的产水高峰引起村落生活污水处理的水力负荷冲击;污染物COD、NH^(+)_(4)-N、TN和TP的产生系数分别为(67.8±22.8)、(2.3±1.6)、(9.2±4.7)和(0.7±0.3)g/(cap·d),系数可作为农村生活污水污染物人口当量;污染负荷分布比例显示农村生活污水灰水和黑水分别在水分和养分再利用方面各具潜力.采用基于源分类的村落生活污水治理模式在节约投资、提高效率和资源化方面具有优势.

To analyze the generation characteristics and the management mode of rural domestic sewage,multiple sample families in typical villages in Taihu Lake Basin were selected as a research object.The time distribution characteristics of rural domestic sewage generation and the distribution characteristics of pollutant loads in various sources were analyzed by using a method of source classification.The results show that the generation coefficient of rural domestic sewage is(97.7±25.1)L/(cap·d),and there are 2-3 generating peaks every day.Synchronous water amount peaks can cause hydraulic load shocking on village domestic sewage treatment.The generation coefficients of COD,NH^(+)_(4)-N,TN,and TP are(67.8±22.8),(2.3±1.6),(9.2±4.7)and(0.7±0.3)g/(cap·d),respectively,which can be taken as the population equivalent of rural domestic sewage pollutants.The distribution of the pollutant loads shows that the grey water and the black water of rural domestic sewage have their own potential in water and nutrient reuse,respectively.The village domestic sewage management mode based on source classification has advantages in saving investment,thus improving the efficiency and the resource utilization.