不同疾病阶段卒中患者卒中相关健康素养水平及应对策略研究

Stroke-related Health Literacy Levels and Coping Strategies in Stroke Patients at Different Disease Stages

目的了解不同疾病阶段的卒中患者卒中健康知识掌握现状、健康素养随病程变化的表现特点及其可能的影响因素。方法采用分层抽样法对2020年10月至2021年4月于成都市两家市属医院就诊的362例首发卒中患者进行问卷调查,研究工具为自行设计的一般资料调查表、卒中健康知识问卷,采用SPSS 22.0软件进行描述性分析、t检验、方差分析及线性回归方程分析。结果362例卒中患者卒中健康知识掌握处于较差水平,其得分呈现病程依赖性增长,并受卒中类型、文化程度、家庭收入水平、高血压伴随情况影响(F=12.28,P<0.05)。卒中危险因素知晓和卒中征兆识别维度表现较差。结论需加强卒中幸存者卒中健康知识教育,尤其是卒中危险因素知晓、卒中征兆识别和卒中处理的宣教,推动全民健康信息教育普及化的同时建立阶段性随访档案,推动卒中管理事业专业化发展。

Objective To explore the current situation of stroke-related health literacy levels in stroke patients at different disease stages,the characteristics of changes in knowledge literacy with the course of the disease,and its possible influencing factors.Methods The stratified sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 362 first-episode stroke patients in two municipal hospitals in Chengdu from October 2020 to April 2021.Self-designed general information questionnaire and the stroke health knowledge questionnaire were adopted.SPSS 22.0 was used for descriptive analysis,t test,variance analysis and linear regression equation analysis.Results The stroke-related health literacy in 362 stroke patients was at a poor level.The scores showed a progression-dependent increase,and were affected by stroke type,education level,family income level,and concomitant conditions of hypertension(P<0.05,F=12.28).The scores for awareness of stroke risk factors and recognition of stroke signs were poor.Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the education of stroke-related health literacy for stroke survivors,especially the awareness of stroke risk factors,identification of stroke signs,and stroke emergency treatment.It is necessary to establish periodic follow-up files while promoting health information education for all,which is conducive to promoting the professional development of stroke management.