成渝医学院校大学生健康素养现状及其影响因素分析

Analysis on the Status and Influencing Factors of Health Literacy of College Students in Chengdu and Chongqing Medical Colleges

目的调查成渝医学院校大学生健康素养水平,分析其影响因素,为高校及政府部门开展健康教育工作提供参考。方法2021年6-8月采用分层整群随机抽样对成渝医学院校1042名在校大学生进行问卷调查,分析大学生健康素养水平及影响因素。结果成渝医学院校大学生健康素养总水平为46.9%;具有健康知识和理念素养的学生比例为54.3%,具有健康生活方式与行为的学生比例为47.0%,具有健康技能的学生比例为33.4%;6类健康知识的知晓率由高到低为安全与急救(67.3%)、科学健康观(66.9%)、慢性病防治(50.4%)、基本医疗(41.2%)、传染病防治(40.6%)和健康信息(29.9%)。生源地、年级、家庭月收入、自评健康等级存在差异的大学生健康素养总水平不同(P<0.05)。二分类Logistic回归显示,高年级大学生健康素养水平较低(P<0.05)。结论大学生健康素养仍有待提升,尤其是在健康技能、传染病防治、健康信息素养等方面较低,成渝医学院校应开展多种形式的健康教育,提升大学生健康素养。

Objective To investigate the status and the influencing factors of health literacy of college students in Chengdu and Chongqing medical universities,so as to provide reference for universities and government departments to conduct health education.Methods From June to August 2021,a total of 1042 college students were selected from Chengdu and Chongqing medical universities for a questionnaire survey on health literacy by stratified cluster sampling.The data of the survey was collected for statistical analysis.Results The health literacy level of medical college students was 46.9%.As for the 3 dimensions of health literacy,54.3%of college students had health knowledge and concept,47.0%had healthy lifestyle and behavior,and 33.4%had health skills.The awareness rates of 6 health-related issues among college students from high to low were safety and first-aid(67.3%),scientific concept of health(66.9%),prevention and treatment of chronic diseases(50.4%),primary healthcare(41.2%),prevention and control of infectious diseases(40.6%),and health information(29.9%).Differences in health literacy existed among college students of different origin,grade,monthly household income,and self-rated grade of health(P<0.05).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that senior college students had lower level of health literacy(P<0.05).Conclusion The level of health literacy of college students needs to be improved,especially in health skills,prevention and control of infectious diseases and health information.Colleges and universities should carry out diverse forms of health education to improve the health literacy of college students.