二十世纪五六十年代的江苏“戏改”——以苏北实验扬剧团、南通市实验通剧团为例

Jiangsu “Opera Reform” in the 1950s and 1960s on the Basis of Subei Experimental Yangju Troupe and Nantong Experimental Tongju Troupe

20世纪50年代初,戏曲改革在江苏各地开展。各地将影响最大的剧种作为戏改重点,并建立了实验剧团或重点剧团。20世纪60年代,新兴剧种产生后也成立了实验剧团并开展戏曲的实验改革。文章以扬州和南通两地的苏北实验扬剧团和南通市实验通剧团为例,通过对扬剧与通剧实验改革内容、取得成果、不足之处的研究,认为在扬剧改革上完成了剧目审定的“一破一立”、扬剧音乐板式变化实验等,在通剧改革上仅对音乐唱腔和表演作了初步实验,并对二十世纪江苏戏曲五六十年代戏曲改革实验作出总结和客观评价。

In the early 1950 s,opera reform was carried out all over Jiangsu province.All localities took the operas with the greatest influence as their focus and established experimental troupes or key troupes.In the 1960 s,new types of opera came into being,which also established experimental troupes and carried out experimental reform of opera.This article takes Subei Experimental Yangju Troupe in Yangzhou and Nantong Experimental Tongju Troupe in Nantong as examples.Through the study of experimental reform content,achievements and shortcomings of Yangju Opera and Tongju Opera,it can be found that the reform of Yangju Opera has completed the experiment of“a broken state”of the repertory examination and approval,and the change experiment of musical style;and the reform of Tongju Opera has made a preliminary experiment of musical sound and performance.It also summarizes and objectively evaluates the experiments of opera reform in Jiangsu opera in the 1950 s and 1960 s.