对齐如山在“梅剧团”中角色的反思

Reconsideration on Qi Rushan’s Role in the Mei Lanfang Opera Troupe

学界对齐如山在“梅剧团”中所扮演角色的讨论,主要集中在他是不是剧团导演的问题上。认为齐如山不是“梅剧团”导演的理由有三个:一、齐如山在“梅剧团”中从未获得导演的正式名分或正式职务;二、齐如山所扮演的“教率”、“管事”、编剧等角色与导演的核心功能有本质的区别;三、“梅剧团”不需要导演角色,说齐如山是导演不过是用西方戏剧的概念来硬套中国传统戏曲角色的穿凿附会之说。反思齐如山所扮演的角色,对重新认识齐如山与梅兰芳、“梅剧团”之间的真实关系,客观评价齐如山在戏曲史上的地位,以及构建有民族特色的戏曲表演理论体系,都有着重要意义。

The discussion of Qi Rushan’s role in the Mei Lanfang Opera Troupe mainly focuses on whether he is the director of the troupe.There are three reasons why Qi Rushan is not the director of the’Mei Lanfang Opera Troupe’.Firstly,Qi Rushan has never obtained the official title or position as a director in the’Mei Lanfang Opera Troupe’;Secondly,Qi Rushan’s function in the’Mei Lanfang Opera Troupe’is different from the director’s core function;Thirdly,’Mei Lanfang Opera Troupe’does not need a director role at all,there is a fundamental difference between Xiqu director and backstage manager or scenarist.Reflecting on the role played by Qi Rushan in the’Mei Lanfang Opera Troupe’has important mirror significance for redefining the real cooperation model between Qi Rushan and Mei Lanfang as well as’Mei Lanfang Opera Troupe’,evaluating the status of Qi Rushan in the history of Xiqu objectively and building a theoretical system of Xiqu performance with national characteristics.