佛教造像中的“树叶化生”图像研究——以北朝至隋唐时期的阿弥陀造像为中心

The Image of"Shuyehuasheng"in Buddhist Statues:Centered on the Statues of Amitabha from the North Dynastyes to the Sui and Tang Dynasties

“树叶化生”图像与唐贞观八年(634)四川梓潼卧龙山千佛岩1号龛阿弥陀佛五十二菩萨像旁侧的造像铭、道宣(596-667)的《集神州三宝感通录》卷中、三十七缘及《续高僧传》卷二五、释智勤传中的部分内容高度吻合。关联造像有南响堂山1号窟西方净土变造像、邺城出土北齐佛教造像群、隋开皇二年(582)铭荀国丑造像以及唐永徽元年(650)铭绵阳魏城圣水寺佛道合龛造像等,皆可确认此类图像。此外,东京国立博物馆法隆寺宝物馆藏飞鸟时代(592-710)的阿弥陀三尊及僧形像中也出现了“树叶化生”图像。文章将结合相关文献与造像作品,展开对“树叶化生”图像的源流、传播以及制作背景的考察研究。

Shuyehuasheng is highly consistent with the inscription on the side of the Amitabha Buddha with fifty-two Bodhisattvas images in the No. 1 niche of Qianfo rock in Wolong mountain, Zitong, Sichuan Province in the eighth year of Zhenguan(634), some contents in volume(middle) of Jishenzhousanbaogantonglu of Daoxuan(596--667), the thirty-seven predestined relationships and the twenty-fifth volume of Xugaosengzhuan,a part of the Biography of Shi Zhiqin. The related statues include ones of the Western Pure Land in cave 1 of Nanxiangtang Mountain, the Buddhist statues of Northern Qi Dynasty, unearthed in Yecheng, the statues of Xun Guochou in the inscription of the second year of Kaihuang(582) of Sui Dynasty, and statues of Buddhist and Taoist, appearing in the same niche, in the inscription of the first year of Yonghui(650), in Chenghui temple, Weicheng, Mianyang, and so on, which can be identified as such images as the images of Shuyehuasheng. In addition, the images of three Amitabha and monks, in the age of Asuka period(592--710) in the treasure collection of Falong Temple, Tokyo National Museum, also show the image of Shuyehuasheng. This paper will combine the relevant literature and sculpture works to make a study of the origin, dissemnation and production background.