高铁开通对能源效率的影响研究——基于“中心-外围”模型的理论分析与实证检验

Study on the Influence of High-Speed Rail on Energy Efficiency——Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Test Based on"Center-Periphery"Model

以中心-外围模型作为理论基础,将是否开通高铁视为准自然实验,利用283个地级以上城市面板数据,构建双重差分模型来实证检验高铁开通对能源效率的影响。结果发现:①高铁开通不利于能源效率的技术变化,有利于能源效率的规模效率变化,对技术变化的抑制作用在整体上“拖累”了能源效率;②高铁开通对能源效率的影响存在城市等级和高铁站选址异质性,高铁站距离城市中心30千米以内的距离是高铁开通对城市能源效率的有效影响范围;③区域中心城市对外围城市产生虹吸效应,产生作用的有效范围为周边200-400千米;④通过对作用机制的分析发现,创新能力的“驱动效应”在高铁开通影响能源效率技术变化过程中存在遮掩效应,而房价上涨的“挤出效应”在这一过程中存在中介效应;政府干预减少在高铁开通影响能源规模效率变化过程中存在中介效应,市场规模扩大存在完全中介效应。

Taking the"central-peripheral"model as the theoretical basis,this paper takes the opening of high-speed railway as the"quasi-natural experiment",and uses the panel data of 283 cities above the prefecture-level to construct a double-difference model to empirically test the impact of the opening of high-speed railway on energy efficiency.Results show that,firstly,the opening of high-speed railway is not conducive to the technological change of energy efficiency,which is conducive to the change of scale efficiency of energy efficiency.Secondly,the inhibition of technological change leads to the overall reduction of energy efficiency.The influence of the opening of high-speed railway on energy efficiency exists in heterogeneity of city grade and site selection of high-speed railway station.The distance between high-speed railway station and urban center within 30 kilometers is the effective influence range of the opening of high-speed railway on urban energy efficiency.Thirdly,regional central cities have siphon effect on peripheral cities,and the effective range is 200-400 kilometers around.Fourthly,through the analysis of the action mechanism,the"driving effect"of innovation ability has a mask effect in the process of the change of energy efficiency technology caused by the opening of high-speed railway,while the"squeeze-out effect"of house price rise has a partial mediating effect in this process.The reduction of government intervention have partial mediating effect on the change of energy scale efficiency caused by the opening of high-speed railway,the expansion of market size is complete mediating effect.