羊肚菌生产菌株栽培适宜性评价系统

Evaluation system of cultivating suitability for the productive strains of Morchella mushrooms

羊肚菌是世界知名的食药兼用真菌。自2012年以来,我国羊肚菌人工栽培的规模不断扩大,然而生产不稳定一直困扰着羊肚菌产业的发展。造成羊肚菌生产不稳定的重要原因是菌株栽培适宜性评价技术不完善、栽培菌株质量不稳定等。与分类学属于担子菌门的多数食用菌相比,属于子囊菌门的羊肚菌在物种多样性、交配型基因丢失、快速老化等方面表现突出,因而关于其栽培菌株相关性状的检测要求更高。基于长期理论研究和生产实践经验,提出了包括菌株身份(Identity)识别、交配型(Mating Type)基因检测和菌株活力(Vitality)测定的羊肚菌生产菌株栽培适宜性IMV评价系统,叙述了该评价系统的技术必要性和具体操作方法。两个产季的大田栽培实际应用情况表明,该评价系统可以实现对羊肚菌生产菌株的科学、系统的筛选与评估,以确保适宜菌株用于人工栽培,增加羊肚菌人工栽培的稳定性,进而推动羊肚菌产业的持续和稳定发展。

Morchella mushrooms are edible and medicinal mushrooms appreciated worldwide.Since 2012,the scale of morel artificial cultivation has been increasing year after year in China.However,the instability of morel cultivation has been frustrating morel farming.The industrial instability may be closely related to the imperfection of strain evaluation system of cultivating suitability and the resulted implication of poor quality and unstable spawns in practical cultivation.Compared with most mushrooms belonging to Basidiomycota,the ascomycetes of morels own special characteristics in species diversity,deletion of mating type genes,and rapid strain aging,which put forward special request for systematic detection of relevant characteristics in cultivated strains.Based on long-term fundamental research and practical experiences,an IMV evaluation system of cultivating suitability for productive strains of Morchella mushrooms,including identity recognition,detection of mating types and assay of vitality,was proposed in this paper.The technological necessity and the detailed procedure were sorted out.Given the application of the evaluation system in field cultivation in two seasons,the potential morel productive strains may be scientifically and systematically screened and assessed to confirm the use of suitable strains in cultivation,which will strengthen the stability of morel cultivation,and thus promote the sustainable and stable development of morel industry.