山东省某综合医院出院病人疾病谱分布特征

Distribution characteristics of disease spectrum of discharged patients in a general hospital in Shandong Province

目的了解某院出院病人疾病谱分布特征,为医院合理配置资源,提高医疗服务质量和医疗技术水平提供依据。方法提取该院医院信息系统中2015—2019年出院病人病案首页信息,建立Excel数据库对系统疾病进行顺位分析及各种分布特征构成比分析。结果2015—2019年出院病人疾病顺位一直居于前10位的有9个系统疾病;出院患者性别比为0.95∶1;出院患者平均住院日呈逐年缩短趋势;各年龄段出院人数构成比以≥60岁组出院病人最多,且呈逐年上升趋势,而<5岁组构成比呈逐年下降趋势;出院患者离院方式以医嘱离院为主,且呈逐年上升趋势,非医嘱离院方式呈下降趋势;出院患者前4位系统疾病死因顺位分别是肿瘤(40.56%)、循环系统疾病(29.96%)、呼吸系统疾病(7.27%)、损伤和中毒(6.79%)。结论医院可根据疾病谱分布特征制定不同性别、不同年龄人群常见病、多发病诊治技术,重点加强肿瘤、心脑血管、儿科、呼吸相关专业的学科建设,满足辐射区域的医疗需求。

Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of disease spectrum of discharged patients in a hospital,so as to provide basis for the hospital to reasonably allocate resources and improve the quality of medical service and medical technology.Methods We extracted the information on the first page of medical records of discharged patients from 2015 to 2019 in the hospital information system,established an Excel database,and analyzed the sequence analysis and composition ratio of various distribution characteristics of the disease system.Results From 2015 to 2019,nine disease systems ranked in the top ten.The male to female ratio of discharged patients was 0.95∶1.The average length of stay of discharged patients decreased year by year.The proportion of discharged patients in all age groups was the most in the 60 years old and above group,and showed an increasing trend year by year.The composition ratio of below 5-year-old group decreased year by year.The way of discharged patients leaving hospital was mainly under medical advice,and the trend was increasing year by year,while the way of non-medical advice was decreasing.The top 4 causes of systemic diseases in discharged patients were tumor(40.56%),circulatory system diseases(29.96%),respiratory system diseases(7.27%),and injury and poisoning(6.79%).Conclusion According to the distribution characteristics of disease spectrum,the hospital can formulate diagnosis and treatment technologies for common and frequently occurring diseases of people of different genders and ages,and focus on strengthening the discipline construction of tumor,cardio cerebrovascular,pediatrics and respiratory related majors to meet the medical needs of radiation areas.