2017—2020年某二甲综合医院医院感染情况分析

Nosocomial infection in a second-grade general hospital from 2017 to 2020

目的了解某二甲综合医院的医院感染情况,为医院感染预防与控制提供依据。方法回顾性收集2017年1月1日至2020年12月31日该院住院患者资料,对医院感染病例进行统计分析,描述医院感染病例的发生时间、患者年龄、感染部位、病原体送检等方面的分布特征。结果2017—2020年该院的医院感染率分别为0.52%、0.58%、0.64%、0.36%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=25.795,P<0.05);重症医学科医院感染发生率最高,院感率为3.74%;感染部位以呼吸系统和手术部位感染为主;60岁以上感染患者占比最高,为39.87%;病原菌检测显示以革兰阴性菌居多。结论医院感染病例监测存在漏报,重症医学科、神经外科等基础疾病严重的科室医院感染发生率较高,感染部位以呼吸系统和手术部位占比较高。应加强医院感染病例监测,加强重症医学科、神经外科等科室的医院感染管理,加强感染患者病原体送检管理,不断提高医护人员手卫生依从性,减少医院感染的发生。

Objective To investigate the situation of nosocomial infection in a second-grade general hospital and provide evidence for the prevention and control of nosocomial infection.Methods The data of inpatients in a hospital from January 1,2017 to December 31,2020 were retrospectively collected.The nosocomial infection cases were statistically analyzed,and the distribution characteristics of nosocomial infection cases were described in terms of the occurrence time,patients′age,the infection sites and the pathogen submission for examination.Results The nosocomial infection incidence of a hospital from 2017 to 2020 were 0.52%,0.58%,0.64%and 0.36%,respectively,and there was significant difference in the nosocomial infection(χ^(2)=25.795,P<0.05).The incidence of nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit was the highest in the 4 years,with the nosocomial infection rate of 3.74%.The main infection sites were respiratory system and surgical sites.The proportion of infected patients over 60 years old was 39.87%.The detection of pathogens showed that gram-negative bacteria were dominant.Conclusion Monitoring of nosocomial infection cases was underreported.The incidence of nosocomial infection was higher in departments with serious basic diseases such as the intensive care unit and the neurosurgery.The main infection sites were respiratory system sites and surgical sites.It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of nosocomial infection cases,strengthen the management of nosocomial infection in ICU and neurosurgery departments,strengthen the management of pathogen examination of infected patients,improve the compliance of hand hygiene of the medical staff,and reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infection.