越南海上民兵的发展及其对南海局势的影响

Evolution of Vietnam’s Maritime Militia and Its Impact on the Situation in the South China Sea

受“全民国防”思想和民兵制度的历史传统影响,越南在南海争端中愈发倚重渔民等私人力量。在国家力量主导的背景下,由渔民和涉海企业员工为主要组成来源的海上民兵自卫队应运而生。越南注重海上民兵的制度建设和政策规划设计,领导和指挥机制方面,突出军地双重属性;组织和机构编制方面,各级层次和任务分工明确;力量和规模布局方面,实行广泛建设和重点突出方针。作为一种准军事组织,越南海上民兵在南海争议海域的“主权”宣示和大肆侵渔等活动,一方面损害了南海整体生态环境和渔业资源的养护,另一方面埋下了冲突隐患因素,不利于地区局势的稳定与发展。

The ideology of“the all-people national defence”and the historical tradition of militia system have shaped a growing reliance of Vietnam on private forces such as fishermen in the South China Sea disputes.Against the backdrop of State dominance,the maritime militia and self-defense force,mainly composed of fishermen and employees of marine-related enterprises,emerged at the historic moment.Vietnam focuses on institution building and policy planning and design for maritime militias,highlighting the dual attributes of“military and local”in terms of leadership and command mechanism;clear division of tasks and hierarchy at all levels in terms of organization and institutional establishment;and extensive construction and focused approach in terms of force and scale layout.In their capacity as a paramilitary organization,the“sovereignty”assertion of Vietnam’s maritime militia over the disputed waters of the South China Sea and their activities there such as aggressive illegal fishing are detrimental to the overall ecological environment and the conservation of fishery resources in the South China Sea,while bringing potential conflicts,which is not conducive to regional stability and development.