临床老年患者营养状况与口腔健康相关性分析

Correlation analysis of nutritional status and oral health in clinical elderly patients

目的:分析临床老年患者营养状况与口腔健康的相关性,为老年入院患者提供经口膳食的营养干预提供依据。方法:2019年10月~12月利用MNA-SF营养评估表、口腔健康筛查表、单点压力检测设备对入院老年患者(年龄≥65岁)进行营养不良、口腔疾病、牙齿最大咬合及住院资料的调查和收集。使用SPSS 25.0对数据进行统计分析,采用K-均值聚类对老年患者最大咬合、患病种数的数据进行聚类分析。结果:调查306名老年患者(平均年龄72.58±7.56岁,男性139人,女性167人);其中营养正常为46.08%、营养不良风险为33.01%、营养不良为20.91%。老年患者的不同年龄、小腿围、护理等级因素对其营养状况有影响,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。老年患者患有2或3、≥4种口腔疾病的营养不良率(30.85%、50%)显著高于患有0或1种口腔疾病的营养不良率(15.20%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。老年患者最大咬合的力值≥18.5kg的营养正常率(70%)显著高于0-5.0kg、5.1-18.4kg的营养正常率(25.33%、48.39%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。老年患者的营养状况与最大咬合、口腔疾病数量具有相关性(相关系数:0.200,P<0.01;0.154,P<0.05)。老年患者不同最大咬合的力值范围与营养状况具有相关性(C=0.301;P<0.01)。结论:本研究显示老年患者营养状况与口腔疾病数量及最大咬合具有显著相关性。

Objective:To analyze the correlation between nutritional status and oral health among the elderly patients is helpful to provide basis for nutritional intervention of oral diet for elderly patients.Methods:Malnutrition,oral disease,maximum bite force and hospitalization data of hospitalized elderly patients(age≥65 years)were investigated and collected using the MNA-SF nutrition assessment form,oral health screening form and single point pressure detection equipment from October to December 2019.The data were analyzed with SPSS 25.0,meanwhile the maximal bite force and number of the suffered diseases were clustered with k-means clustering.Results:306 elderly patients(average age 72.58 years old)were investigated,including 139 males and 167 females.The rate was 46.08%for normal nutrition,33.01%for malnutrition risk,and 20.91%for malnutrition respectively.The nutritional status of elderly patients with different ages,calf circumference and nursing grade had statistical significance(P<0.05).The malnutrition rates of the elderly patients with 2 or 3(30.85%)and more than 4(50.00%)oral diseases were significantly higher than those of the elderly patients with 0 or 1 oral disease(15.20%)(P<0.01).The rate for normal nutrition was significantly higher in the elderly patients with maximum bite force over 18.5kg(70.00%)than that of the elderly with the one at 0-5.0kg(25.33%)or 5.1-18.4kg(48.39%)(P<0.01).There were correlations between the nutritional status and maximal bite force(r=0.200,P<0.01)and number of oral diseases among the elderly patients(r=0.154,P<0.05).The range for different maximal bite forces was correlated with nutritional status of elderly patients(C=0.301;P<0.01).Conclusions:The results in this study shows that nutritional status is significantly correlated with the number of oral diseases and maximal bite force among the elderly patients.