由近出汉简论《庄子》拟托古圣先贤人物故事

Name-borrowing Essays of Ancient Sages in Pre-Qin Period in Zhuangzi from the Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty

《庄子》富含托名色彩的故事虽曾为学者所留意,但其作品的具体托名内涵与创作特征仍有若干待发之覆,近出阜阳汉简《庄子》、张家山汉简《庄子·盗跖》正可为此书存在托名虚构篇目以及类似之文在彼时确有一定传播的情况提供证明。除了为人熟知的假托于儒、道学派代表人物的故事外,《庄子》中还多有托名于黄帝、尧、舜、禹等古圣先贤人物的相关故事。诸文或设置人物“论道”之说,或编造人物“求道”之事,其中所展现的核心内涵是借助人物身份以增信其言、利用人物声名以彰显学说。《庄子》拟托故事惯用想象恣意、铺排对举等手法,既达到了借重历史人物以撰文喻理、释说述理之目的,又为战国文学作品的发展注入了精妙俊逸的审美风貌。

Although scholars have paid attention to the story of Zhuangzi,the specific connotation and creative characteristics of Zhuangzi's works are still waiting to be covered.The recent articles Zhuangzi of Fuyang Han bamboo slips and Zhuangzi·DaoZhi of Zhangjiashan Han bamboo slips can provide evidence for the existence of name-borrowing essays and similar articles in this book.In addition to the well-known stories of representatives of Confucianism and Taoism,Zhuangzi also has many stories about ancient sages such as the Huang Emperor,Yao,Shun and Yu.Various name-borrowing essays either set up the theory of“discussing the Dao”of characters,or fabricated the matter of“seeking the Dao”of characters,in which the core connotation is to rely on the identity of characters to increase their trust in their words and use the reputation of characters to highlight the theory.Name-borrowing Essays in Zhuangzi used imaginative arbitrariness,arranging and holding against each other,which not only achieves the purpose of relying on historical figures to write metaphors and explain theories,but also becomes many novel fictional stories.