晚清东北双城堡旗人婚姻行为特征与变化

An Investigation into the Marriage Behavior and Its Changes of Shuangchengbao Bannermanin Northeast China in Late Qing Dynasty

基于历史户口册数据库和有关文献资料,考察了晚清东北双城堡旗人婚姻行为特征及其变化。结果显示,旗人男性早婚盛行,大龄未婚和终身不婚问题突出,男性初婚“夫小妻大”比例高达四成,而女性早婚不明显且婚期更加集中。从时间变化趋势看,男性初婚略有提前、再婚略有推迟,初婚婚龄差和再婚婚龄差都在减小。女性初婚推迟,嫁给再婚男性的女性年龄也在增大。女性再嫁比例逐渐提高,节妇守节时间长度逐渐缩小。男性续弦比例提高,拥有较高社会经济地位的旗人是纳妾的主要人群,生育是纳妾的重要目的。京旗和屯丁的婚姻存在着多方面明显的差别。晚清东北双城堡旗人婚姻行为及其变化受八旗制度、人群类别、旗人生计和人口性别结构等因素的综合影响。

Based on the database of historical household registers and related documents,both the marital behavior characteristics and its changes of Bannerman lived in Shuangchengbao of Northeast China in the late Qing Dynasty was investigated.The study found that the early marriage of banner males was prevalent,but the problem of males'unmarried situation or lifelong unmarried was prominent.The proportion of“younger husband and older wife”was nearly 40%,while females'early marriage is not obvious and the marriage period is more concentrated.From the change trend of time,males'first marriage was slightly earlier and remarriage was slightly delayed.Both the age gaps between husbands and wives at their first marriage and remarriage were decreasing.Females delayed their first marriage,and the ages of females who married remarried males were also getting older.The proportion of remarriage was gradually increased,while the time length of females'preserving chastity after the death of their husbands was gradually narrowed.The proportion of males'remarriage was increased.The banner males with higher social and economic status were the main group of having concubines and childbirth was an important purpose.There were obvious differences in the marriage behavior between Jingqi and Tunding of Bannerman.The marriage behavior of Shuangchengbao Bannerman in northeast China in the late Qing Dynasty was influenced by the eight banners system,the groups of Bannerman,the livelihood of Bannerman and the gender structure of the population.