基于“5E”理论的居家环境改善策略在预防社区老年人跌倒中的应用效果分析

Analysis on the application effect of home environment improvement strategy based on“5E”theory in preventing falls of the elderly in community

目的基于“5E”理论构建并实施社区老年人居家环境改善策略,改善社区老年人居家环境,降低社区老年人跌倒发生率。方法选取长沙市A社区老年人为干预组,B社区老年人为对照组。对照组接受常规的社区防跌倒宣传教育,干预组接受基于“5E”理论的居家环境改善策略。结果干预后,干预组一年跌倒发生率为10.32%,对照组一年跌倒发生率为20.25%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);在21项家居环境危险因素中,有16项在干预后得以减少,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论实施基于“5E”理论的居家环境改善策略能够减少居家环境中的致跌危险因素,降低社区老年人跌倒的发生率。

Objective Based on“5E”theory,to construct and implement the home environment improvement strategy for the elderly in community,to improve the home environment of the elderly in community and to reduce the incidence of falls among the elderly in community.Methods The elderly in A community of Changsha were conveniently selected as the intervention group and the elderly in B community as the control group.The control group received routine community fall prevention education,and the intervention group received home environment improvement strategy based on“5E”theory.Results After intervention,the incidence of falls was 10.32% in the intervention group and 20.25% in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Among 21 risk factors of home environment,16 were reduced after intervention,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Implementing the home environment improvement strategy based on“5E”theory can reduce the risk factors of home environment and reduce the incidence of falls among the elderly in the community.