从“散点透视”审美视角观照《儒林外史》的叙事结构

A study of the narrative structure of The Scholars from the aesthetic perspective of“scattering perspective”

“散点透视”作为中国古代绘画艺术的审美视角,以之观照《儒林外史》的叙事结构,可充分驳斥西方以“焦点透视”视角出发对该小说结构的讥嘲。《儒林外史》的叙事结构与《清明上河图》等著名画作的审美视角一脉相承,即将各类人物、情节、故事自然组织到整体结构之中,从而呈现出符合气韵、神逸等美学原则的意象世界。中西小说结构方面的差异,源于中西方在哲学取向、思维方式、逻辑结构、审美观念等方面不同的民族性特征。因此,从“散点透视”这一艺术审美视角来解读《儒林外史》的叙事结构,有助于更好地理解中国传统文化特征。

As an aesthetic perspective of ancient Chinese painting art,“scattering perspective”can be used to study the narrative structure of The Scholars,which can fully refute the Western ridicule of the novel′s structure from the perspective of“focus perspective”.The narrative structure of The Scholars is in line with the aesthetic perspective of famous paintings such as On the Riverside Scene of Pure Brightness,in other words,various characters,plots and stories are naturally organized into the overall structure so as to present an imagery world in line with the aesthetic principles of artistic conception and romantic charm.The differences in the structure of Chinese and Western novels stem from the different national characteristics of China and the West in terms of philosophical orientation,way of thinking,logical structure and aesthetic concept.Therefore,it helps us better understand the characteristics of traditional Chinese culture to interpret the narrative structure of The Scholars from the aesthetic perspective of“scattering perspective”.