乡村振兴中基层社会治理体系的结构性保障--以中外乡村自治为切入

Structural Guarantee of Community-level Social Governance System in Rural Revitalization—From the Perspective of Rural Autonomy at Domestic and Overseas

我国农村的基层自治制度是保障乡村振兴顺利实现的基本制度安排。环顾世界,以美、法为主的发达国家为实现各自的“乡村振兴”都重视发挥基层自治的功能。中、美、法三国为现实乡村社会的跨越式发展都选择了“政策倾斜+制度保障”的模式。其中,美国注重乡镇自治的功能现实进而支持农村发展;法国强调对乡镇自治精神的尊重并侧重基层治理模式的改革。我国虽也重视基层自治对乡村发展的结构性保障,但在功能发挥层面较西方主流国家仍略有欠缺。因此,以欧美乡村自治经验为蓝本,立足国情,可以为我国基层治理体系的革新和乡村振兴的实现提供范式指引。

The system of grass-roots autonomy in rural areas is the basic institutional arrangement to guarantee the smooth realization of rural revitalization.Looking around the world,developed countries,mainly the United States and France,attach importance to the function of grass-roots self-government in order to realize their respective"rural revitalization".China,the United States and France all chose the mode of"policy preference+system guarantee"for the leapfrog development of the rural society.Among them,the United States pays attention to the functional reality of township autonomy and supports rural development;France emphasizes respect for the spirit of township autonomy and focuses on the reform of grass-roots governance model.Although China also attaches importance to the structural guarantee of grass-roots self-government for rural development,it is still a little short of the function of western mainstream countries.Therefore,based on the experience of Rural autonomy in Europe and America and based on the national conditions,it can provide paradigm guidance for the reform of grassroots governance system and the realization of rural revitalization in China.