体质健康视域下柔韧素质的健康效益与锻炼方式再审视

Re-examination of the Health Benefit and Exercise Types of Flexibility from the Perspective of Physical Health

在体质健康视域下梳理柔韧素质相关的实证研究证据,从健康效益、锻炼方式等角度重新审视柔韧素质的测评意义和锻炼价值,为体质健康监测指标体系的修订和完善及运动处方(方案)的优化提供证据支撑。认为:柔韧素质在全因死亡率、跌倒风险、日常生活能力、心血管机能等方面缺乏明确的效益,与运动损伤风险之间存在“U”型关系,专门性拉伸练习的效用大部分被抗阻练习所覆盖。建议:不应过分强调柔韧素质在体质健康中的重要性,应重新审视坐位体前屈在各年龄群体体质监测中的测试价值和评价标准;在体育锻炼的指导和实践中可根据练习者的实际情况减少旨在提高柔韧素质的专门性拉伸练习,提高体育锻炼的效率。

The empirical evidence of flexibility is systematically summarized from the perspective of physical health,and the evaluation significance and physical exercise value are reexamined in the aspects of health benefit and exercise types,trying to provide references for the revision of index system for physical fitness surveillance as well as the optimization of exercise prescription(planning).It is believed that flexibility lacks definite effects on all-cause mortality,fall risk,cardiovascular risk,and activities of daily living.There may be a U-shaped relationship between flexibility and sports injury risks,and the effects of static stretching exercises can be almost displaced by resistance exercises.The suggestions are as follows:The importance of flexibility in physical fitness should not be exaggerated nor emphasized,the test value and evaluation criteria of sit-and-reach on each age group should be reviewed in the physical fitness surveillance.In the instruction and practice of exercise,static stretching exercises can be reduced according to the actual situation of the exercisers thus to improve the efficiency of physical exercise.