论侵害知识产权法中公有领域的民事责任

On the civil liability for infringement on public domain of intellectual property law

公有领域资源是衍生新知识、新作品的原材料,是科学发展、社会进步的基石。但在信息商品化过程中,错误的或欺诈性的版权声明、侵权警告、诉讼威胁、合同及技术措施等不断圈占、侵害公有领域,使本可以为公众免费使用的信息不断地被私有化、被监管、被加密和被限制,挤压了公众对公有领域享有的自由获取和使用权,消解了知识产权制度的价值。究其根源,在于我国立法没有确认公众基于公有领域享有的权利,未确认侵害公有领域行为的违法性,更未明确侵害公有领域的法律责任,最终并不惩罚侵害公有领域者以救济和保护公有领域。为了公有领域的可持续性发展,应加强对公有领域的理论研究,并通过立法明确公有领域概念及公众基于公有领域的权利,明确侵害公有领域行为的非法性及相应的民事责任,为公众基于公有领域享有的权利提供法律救济。

Public domain resources are the raw materials for deriving new knowledge and creating new works,and serve as the cornerstones for scientific development and social progress.However,in the process of information commercialization,erroneous or fraudulent copyright notices,infringement warnings,litigation threats,contract and technical measures,etc.continue to occupy and infringe the public domain,making the information that should have been free for public access privatized,regulated,encrypted and restricted,squeezing public free access to and use of the public domain,and dispelling the value goal of the intellectual property system.And the root causes lie in that China’s legislation has not confirmed the public rights based on the public domain or the illegality of the infringement of the public domain,and even worse,it has not clearly defined the legal responsibility for infringing on the public domain;as a result,the judiciary has not effectively punished the infringers so as to relieve and protect the public domain.For the sake of the sustainable development of the public domain,it is necessary to strengthen theoretical research on the public domain,pass legislation to clarify the concept of public domain and public rights based on the public domain,specify the illegality of infringement of the public domain,and provide legal help for the public to enjoy rights based on the public domain.