中国资源环境新格局的稳定性与影响因素分析

Analysis on the stability and influencing factors of the new territorial pattern in resources and environment of China

资源环境格局是人地关系特征的空间缩影,反映了资源禀赋及资源利用强度对不同区域社会经济发展的约束−驱动作用。基于全国地级市1960—2017年的面板数据,采用分区统计方法和地理探测器模型,分析以“胡焕庸线”和“秦岭−淮河线”为界的“人字形”格局社会经济与资源利用特征,并探究资源环境格局影响因素。研究结果表明:“人字形”格局反映了我国独特的人地关系协调发展规律,是我国区域社会经济发展不断适应多样化自然环境和资源禀赋的结果;“人字形”格局的区域人口分布特征保持长期稳定性,而不同区域的GDP、资源消耗量在全国占比受资源禀赋、发展政策等影响存在阶段性波动;长期的资源环境约束塑造了中国三大区域社会经济发展模式差异性,是形成“人字形”格局的空间异质性因素。未来,我国不同区域自然资源利用与保护应立足于自然资源与生态环境本底条件,采取针对性的自然资源管理政策与策略,实现经济发展、资源节约、环境保护的互相协调,促进区域可持续发展。

Resource-environment pattern is the spatial epitome of human-land relationship,which reflects the effect of resource endowment and resource utilization intensity on social-economic development in different regions.Based on the panel data of prefecture level cities in China from 1960 to 2017,this study analyzes the socio-economic and resource-utilizing characteristics of the“herringbone”pattern bounded by“Hu Huanyong line”and“Qinling Huaihe line”,and explores the influencing factors of the new resource-environment pattern.The results show that:“Herringbone”pattern reflects the unique law of coordinated development of human-land relationship in China,which is the result of China’s regional social and economic development constantly adapting to diversified natural environment and resource endowment;In“herringbone”pattern,the population distribution characteristics of each region remain stable for a long time,and the proportion of GDP,resource consumption and other factors in each region fluctuate periodically due to the influence of resource endowment and development policies;the long-term constraints of resource and environment shaped the East-West and North-South differentiation pattern of China’s regional development,forming the spatial heterogeneity characteristics of“herringbone”pattern.In the future,by adopting targeted natural resource management policies and strategies,the utilization and protection of natural resources in different regions of China should be based on the background conditions of natural resources and ecological environment,in order to realize the coordination of economic development,resource conservation and environmental protection,and to promote sustainable regional development.