成化、弘治、正德朝仪真守备任职情况略考——兼论首任瓜仪守备

Study on the Appointments of the Yizhen Garrison During the Reigns of Chenghua,Hongzhi and Zhengde

仪真,素有“帝乡支辅”之称。而设于该地的仪真守备肩负着江海抗倭捕盗的职责,维护着留都安定。考其县志所载成化、弘治、正德三朝守备的任职情况,其守备的任命以及任职时间的记载与实录记载颇有出入。并且,仪真守备在万历时改设为瓜仪守备,统御仪真、瓜洲两营,而县志对改设后的瓜仪守备记载不清,有所漏缺。故予以考证,以厘清明中期三朝十二位守备的任职情况,兼及考证首位瓜仪守备,以丰富明代地方守备的研究。

Yizhen was known to be the guard of the old capital of the Ming Dynasty. The Yizhen garrison therefore assumed the responsibility of fighting Japanese pirates on the sea and maintaining the stability of the old capital. This paper studies the records in the county annals about the appointments of Yizhen garrisons during the reigns of Emperors Chenghua, Hongzhi and Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty and finds the appointments and tenures of garrisons are quite different from those in the official records. In addition, Yizhen garrison was changed into Guayi garrison in Wanli’s reign, governing the two battalions of Yizhen and Guazhou, but the records of Guayi garrison after the change in county annals are unclear and missing. Therefore, it is necessary to make textual research in order to clarify employment conditions of the twelve garrisons in the three reigns of the Mid-Ming Dynasty. It is also hoped that the study of local garrisons in the Ming Dynasty can be enriched with the research on the first Guayi garrison.