湄公河流域水电开发现状及关键问题探讨

Discussion on hydropower development status quo and key technical issues in Mekong River Basin

湄公河流域水电开发环境已发生较大变化,有必要重新审视湄公河水电规划历程、开发现状及发展趋势。系统梳理了湄公河干流水力发电规划方案由来、湄公河干流水电工程主要开发任务、干支流水电开发情况,介绍了通知、事前磋商和达成协定(PNPCA)规程以及水电可持续发展倡议、战略环境评估等湄公河水电开发相关的重要文件。结合湄公河流域各国电力系统现状,分析了老挝、泰国、柬埔寨等国家水能开发需求。此外,从市场、规划、建设和运营4个方面分别论述了湄公河流域水电开发存在的问题,并就未来湄公河流域水电开发和运行提出了一些建议。研究成果可为开展湄公河流域水电站群运行管理相关研究提供参考。

The hydropower development environment in the Mekong River Basin has been changed a lot.It is neces⁃sary to review the Mekong River hydropower planning,development status and trend.This paper sorted out the ori⁃gin of proposed Mekong mainstream hydropower projects,introduced the main development tasks of those projects and the current status of hydropower development.It also introduced some relative documents such as ProceduresNotification-Prior-Consultation-Agreement,MRC Initiative on Sustainable Hydropower,Strategic Environment As⁃sessment.Based on the power systems of the countries in the Mekong River Basin,it analyzed the demand for hydro⁃power development of Lao PDR,Thailand and Cambodia.The possible problems existed in hydropower develop⁃ment in the Mekong River Basin are discussed from the four aspects of market,planning,construction and opera⁃tion.Some suggestions about the hydropower development and management in the Mekong river basin are put for⁃ward.These discoveries may throw some new light on the water resources management of the Mekong River Basin.