传统的力量:乡土社会中原生态民族体育仪式的存在与意义——以彝族跳虎仪式为例

The Power of Tradition: the Existence and Significance of Originally Ecological Ethnic Sports Ritual in the Rural Society--A Case of Tiger-jumping Ritual of Yi Ethnic Group

乡土社会中的彝族跳虎是民族体育的原生态,以驱鬼除疫为目的的跳虎仪式体现了彝族人生命意识的本真,通过人与神的交流表达驱邪逐疫的愿望,展现着社会秩序关系,体现着对于仪式参与者的重要意义。采用田野考察、文献资料和逻辑分析等研究方法对乡土社会中原生态民族体育仪式的存在与意义进行了深入的研究。研究表明,跳虎属于解除困扰型的宗教仪式,包括请虎神、跳老虎笙、虎驱邪和送虎神等内容,带有很强的功能指向。虎图腾是彝族跳虎仪式的力量源泉,彝族跳虎仪式存续的心理动因包括敬畏之道、感恩之意、依恋之情和实用之需等需求表达。乡土社会中彝族跳虎仪式的存在意义体现为凸显与强化信仰、延续情感依恋、强化秩序整合等。

The tiger-jumping of Yi nationality is the original ecology of national sports in rural society.The tiger-jumping ritual which is for the purpose of exorcising ghosts and removing epidemic diseases embodies the authenticity of Yi nationality’s life consciousness,expresses the desire of exorcism and epidemic prevention through the communication between human and god,and shows various order relations,embodies the important significance for ritual participants.By means of field investigation,literature review and logical analysis,this paper makes an deep study on the existence and significance of ecological national sports ritual in the original plains of rural society.The research shows that Tiger-jumping is a kind of religious ritual to relieve the disturbance,including inviting the tiger god,tiger-jumping,driving away evil spirits and sending the tiger god,which is with a strong target orientation.Tiger totem is the power source of the tiger-jumping ritual of Yi nationality,and the psychological motivation of the survival of the tiger-jumping ritual of Yi nationality includes the expression of awe and gratitude,attachment and practical needs.In the rural society the significance of the existence of the ritual of jumping tigers of Yi nationality is embodied in highlighting and strengthening belief,extending emotional attachment,strengthening order and social integration.