人参糖蛋白对少弱精症小鼠生精障碍的改善作用

Improvement effect of Panax ginseng glycoproteins on spermatogenesis of mice with oligoasthenozoospermia

目的:探讨人参糖蛋白(PGG)对少弱精症小鼠生精障碍的改善作用,并初步阐明其作用机制。方法:选取健康雄性小鼠60只,随机分成正常组、模型组、阳性对照组(生精胶囊,700 mg·kg^(-1))、低剂量PGG组(100 mg·kg^(-1) PGG)、中剂量PGG组(200 mg·kg^(-1) PGG)和高剂量PGG组(400 mg·kg^(-1) PGG),每组10只。除正常组外,其余组小鼠腹腔注射30 mg·kg^(-1)环磷酰胺,制备少弱精症模型。取各组小鼠附睾采集精子,显微镜下观察精子总数、精子活率、精子畸形率和精子活力,观察各组小鼠精子形态,采集各组小鼠睾丸(双)、前列腺+贮精囊(双)、包皮腺(双)和提肛肌,称质量并计算脏器系数,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察各组小鼠睾丸组织病理形态表现,ELISA法测定各组小鼠血清睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)和催乳素(PRL)水平。结果:与正常组比较,模型组小鼠精子总数降低(P<0.01)、精子活率降低(P<0.01)、精子畸形率升高(P<0.01)、精子活力降低(P<0.01),睾丸和前列腺+贮精囊脏器系数降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),包皮腺和提肛肌脏器系数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),生精小管中生精细胞层厚度和生精细胞层横截面面积减小(P<0.01),血清T、FSH和PRL水平降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与模型组比较,中和高剂量PGG组小鼠精子总数升高(P<0.05)、精子活率升高(P<0.01)、精子畸形率降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)、精子活力升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),各脏器系数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),生精小管中生精细胞层厚度和生精细胞层横截面面积增大(P<0.05或P<0.01),生精胶囊组、中和高剂量PGG组小鼠血清T水平升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)、生精胶囊组和各剂量PGG组小鼠血清FSH水平升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),各剂量PGG组小鼠血清PRL水平升高(P<0.01)。结论:PGG具有剂量依赖性,给药剂量增加药效增强,PGG能明显改善少弱精症小鼠生精障碍,其机制可能与PGG提高小鼠血清性激素水平有关。

Objective:To investigate the improvement effect of Panax ginseng glycoproteins(PGG)on the spermatogenesis of the mice with oligoasthenozoospermia,and to preliminarily elucidate its mechanism.Methods:Sixty healthy male mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,positive control group(Shengjing capsule,700 mg·kg^(-1)),low dose of PGG group(100 mg·kg^(-1) PGG),medium dose of PGG group(200 mg·kg^(-1) PGG)and high dose of PGG group(400 mg·kg^(-1) PGG),and there were 10 mice in each group.Except for normal group,the mice in other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg·kg^(-1) cyclophosphamide to establish the oligoasthenozoospermia models.The sperm was collected from the mice in various groups.The total number,survival rate,malformation rate and motility of the sperm of the mice in various groups were examined under microscope.The morphology of the sperm of the mice in various groups was observed.The testis(double),prostate+seminal vesicle(double),preputial gland(double)and levator ani muscle of the mice in various groups were collected and weighed for the calculation of the organ coefficients.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to detect the pathomorphology of the testis tissue of the mice in various groups.The levels of serum testosterone(T),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),and prolactin(PRL)of the mice in various groups were measured by ELISA method.Results:Compared with normal group,the total number of sperm of the mice in model group was decreased(P<0.01),the survival rate of sperm was decreased(P<0.01),the malformation rate of sperm was increased(P<0.01),the motility of sperm was decreased(P<0.01),the organ coefficients of testis and prostate+seminal vesicle were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the organ coefficients of preputial gland and levator ani muscle had no significant differences(P>0.05),the spermatogenic cell layer thickness and spermatogenic cell layer cross-sectional area in seminiferous tubule were decreased(P<0.01),and the levels of serum T,FSH,and PRL were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with model group,the total number of sperm of the mice in medium and high doses of PGG groups were increased(P<0.05),the survival rates of sperm were increased(P<0.01),the malformation rates of sperm were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the motilities of sperm were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the organ coefficients had no significant differences(P>0.05),and the spermatogenic cell layer thickness and spermatogenic cell layer cross-sectional areas in seminiferous tubule were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the levels of serum T of the mice in Shengjing capsule group and medium and high doses of PGG groups were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the levels of serum FSH of the mice in Shengjing capsule group and different doses of PGG groups were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the levels of serum PRL of the mice in different doses of PGG groups were increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:PGG has a dose-dependent effect;with the increasing of dosage,the efficacy is enhanced.PGG can obviously improve the spermatogenesis of the oligoasthenospermic mice,and its mechanism may be related to the increasing of serum sex hormone levels by PGG.