脑血管结构与功能的生理病理及研究进展

Advances in the Study of Physiology and Pathology of the Cerebrovascular Structure and Function

脑血管是对大脑至关重要的“生命线”和神经活动的“补给线”,其结构或功能上的改变可显著影响脑功能和微环境,引起神经功能障碍甚至死亡。本文概括了脑血管结构和功能的主要生理特点、病理表现与干预措施和研究进展。首先,概述了脑血管在生理条件下具有的特有结构和功能特点,包括Willis动脉环和神经血管单元、脑血流自动调节功能及血脑屏障功能。其次,重点论述了最常见的脑血管疾病——脑卒中的发病机制、病理表现和治疗现状。最后,总结了脑血管基础和临床研究方面最新的研究进展,并展望了本领域未来几年潜在的热点和突破方向。本文将有助于研究者们快速了解脑血管研究领域的概况,为脑血管相关研究的项目设计和规划提供参考。

The cerebrovascular system is the essential lifeline for the brain and the supply line for neurological activities.Any changes in the structure or function of cerebral vessels could significantly disturb brain function and microenvironment,resulting in neurological dysfunction or even death.This review summarizes the key physiological features of the structure and function of the cerebral vasculature,major pathologies and interventional approaches,and the most recent advances in this research area.Firstly,we overviewed a series of specialized structural and functional features of the cerebral vasculature in physiological conditions,including the Circle of Willis,neurovascular unit,cerebral blood flow autoregulation,as well as the blood-brain barrier function.Secondly,we elaborated the pathogenesis,pathological features,and current treatment strategies of the most common cerebrovascular disease,stroke.Lastly,we described the recent progress in both basic and clinical cerebrovascular researches,and presented an outlook of the potential hotspots and breakthroughs of this field in the coming years.This article will help researchers gain a quick insight into the field of cerebrovascular research,and provide a reference for project designs and planning of research related to the cerebral vasculature.