山西南部采集瓷片的化学组成与呈色研究

Study on Chemical Composition and Color Generation of Porcelain Pieces Collected in Southern Shanxi Province

为揭示金元时期晋南一带生产的瓷器在原料和呈色上的特点,分别采用X射线光谱仪和色度计对河津窑、西坡窑和临汾窑所产瓷片进行测试分析,结果发现晋南一带各窑口制瓷原料为就地取材,来源于周边产量丰富的粘土,但河津窑固镇窑址一部分瓷器选用纯度较高的高岭土原料,而另一种原料与其他古垛村窑址、西坡窑和临汾窑原料一样,使用了质量较差的粘土原料。晋南地区多数白瓷为钙碱釉,以K_(2)O和CaO为主要助熔剂,白釉烧成温度范围比较接近,而黑釉烧成温度略低于白釉,河津窑采用多种原料而西坡窑与临汾窑釉料配方比较稳定。金元时期晋南瓷器的特点是釉料中含有Pb、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb和Pd等微量元素,而Sr、Zr、Nb和Pd元素的含量是区分河津窑、西坡窑和临汾窑的关键。釉料中含铁量会影响白瓷的呈色,白瓷产品釉料中Fe_(2)O_(3)含量越高,从而导致釉色白中泛黄或泛青。

In order to reveal the characteristics of raw materials and color generation of porcelains produced in southern Shanxi Province during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties,the porcelain pieces produced in Hejin kilns,Xipo kilns and Linfen kilns were measured and analyzed by X-ray spectrometer and colorimeter respectively.The results showed that the raw materials of ceramics of each kiln in southern Shanxi Province were locally obtained from the surrounding clay with rich output.However,some porcelains at Guzhen kiln site of Hejin kilns used kaolin raw materials with high purity,while the other raw materials,like the raw materials of other Guduocun kiln sites,Xipo kilns and Linfen kilns,used clay with poor quality.Besides,most white porcelains produced in southern Shanxi Province is calcium-alkali glaze,which with K_(2)O and CaO as the main fluxes.The firing temperature range of white porcelains is relatively close,but the firing temperature of black porcelains is slightly lower than that of white porcelains.Hejin kilns used a variety of raw materials,while the glaze formula of Xipo kilns and Linfen kilns is relatively stable.The characteristic of porcelains produced in southern Shanxi Province during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties is that the glaze contains trace elements such as Pb,Sr,Y,Zr,Nb and Pd,and the content of Sr,Zr,Nb and Pd is the key to distinguish Hejin kilns,Xipo kilns and Linfen kilns.The Fe_(2)O_(3) content in the glaze could affect the color of white porcelain,the higher the content of Fe_(2)O_(3),the more yellow or green the glaze color of white porcelain.