国际氢能发展战略比较分析

Comparative Analysis of International Hydrogen Energy Development Strategies

[目的/意义]氢能在世界减排战略布局中的地位日益凸显,日本、美国、欧洲等发达国家纷纷制定氢能发展政策,积极探索氢能制造、储存、运输以及应用全产业链的技术路线。我国也已将氢能作为“双碳”战略的重要选项之一。[方法/过程]该文将世界氢能强国日本、美国、欧洲以及中国的氢能政策进行对比分析,并以incopat数据库为专利数据来源、WOS核心数据库为论文数据来源,利用关键词和IPC专利分类号组合构建检索式,从氢能的产、储、运全链路探究不同国家地区近10年技术研究变化趋势。[结果/结论]中国氢能发明专利数量全球领先,但基于专利被引频次的专利总体质量、专利研发合作与转化方面还存在不足。基于政策、技术层面的对比分析结果,结合我国实际,为我国氢能战略布局提出重视氢能源全产业链知识产权保护与创新、构建氢能源多元化商业应用模式、完善专项规划与政策体系等三点建议。

[Objective/Significance] Hydrogen energy plays an increasingly prominent role in the layout of the world’s emission reduction strategy. Japan, the United States, Europe and other developed countries have formulated hydrogen energy development policies and actively explored the technical route of the whole industrial chain of hydrogen energy manufacturing, storage, transportation and application. China has also taken hydrogen energy as one of the important options of the "double carbon" strategy. [Method/Process] This paper compares and analyzes the hydrogen energy policies of Japan, the United States, Europe and China, the world’s hydrogen energy powerhouse, and uses the Incopat database as the source of patent data and the WOS core database as the source of paper data, and constructs a search formula using a combination of keywords and IPC patent classification numbers to explore the trends of technological research in different countries and regions in the last decade from the whole chain of hydrogen energy production, storage and transportation.[Results/Conclusions] Bibliometric analysis shows that China leads the world in the number of hydrogen invention patents, but there are still deficiencies in the overall quality of patents, patent R & D cooperation and transformation based on the frequency of patent citation. Based on the comparative analysis results of policy and technology, combined with China’s reality, this paper puts forward three suggestions for China’s hydrogen energy strategic layout, such as paying attention to the protection and innovation of intellectual property rights in the whole hydrogen energy industry chain, building a diversified commercial application mode of hydrogen energy,and improving the special planning and policy system.