马克思主义审美需要论及其对文学研究的启示

The Marxist Theory of Aesthetic Needs and Its Inspiration for Literary Research

马克思主义美学以人的需要及其发展为出发点,形成了系统的审美价值与审美功能论,对文艺与审美现象具有深刻的阐释力,促进了审美与人自身的完善和社会良善发展的积极融合。马克思主义审美需要体现了感性与理性的融合,体现了人的本质力量的对象化,是人的丰富性与自由的重要维度。文学需要论是审美需要论的延伸,包含历史的描述性与价值的规范性,它提出对文学的重新理解,实现以人民为中心的价值导向,构建新的文学批评形态,书写基于审美需要的文学演变史。

Taking people’s needs and development as the reason,Marxist aesthetics has developed a systematic theory of aesthetic value and aesthetic function.It commands profound interpretive and analytical strength for literary,artistic and aesthetic phenomena,promoting the positive integration of self-improvement of individuals and development of social goodness.The Marxist aesthetic needs manifest the fusion of sensibility and rationality,and the objectification of essential human power,which is an important dimension of human richness and freedom.As an extension of the theory of aesthetic needs,the theory of literary needs contains the descriptiveness of history and the normativity of values.