中国儿童文学文体研究的状貌、问题和方法

The Status,Problems and Methods of Scholarship on the Genres of Chinese Children’s Literature

文学文体范式的确立,既为写作者提供了表情达意的范型,又给予研究者批评的路径和方法。“以‘儿童本位’为核心的儿童文学文体本体论研究”“关于中国儿童文学各体研究”“基于‘主题思想’批评各体儿童文学创作”“基于作家个体的创作实践,探究儿童文学文体的发展”和“从出版、地域等视域探讨儿童文学文体的生成”等特征,构成百年中国儿童文学文体研究的整体状貌。中国儿童文学文体研究存在的问题是:文体研究理论建构难度高,导致对许多常识性问题的论述不过是人云亦云。尤其是缺乏对中国儿童文学文体演进的整体考量,生搬硬套成年人文学文体研究方法,且缺乏文体比较研究意识等。据此,尝试找寻到深化中国儿童文学文体研究的方法和路径,即弃“类”成“体”,建立百年中国儿童文学文体研究的系统工程,从而为中国儿童文学创作和批评提供参照。

The establishment of a paradigm of literary genre provides writers with a model for expression,and researchers a path and method for criticism.This paper discusses the characteristics of studies on the genres of children’s literature in China in the past century.The problem with such studies lies in the difficulty to construct theories of genre studies,which has led to repetitive e-laborations of common sense issues.In particular,there are a lack of overall consideration of the evolution of the genres of Chinese children’s literature,due to a rigid application of research methods for genres of adult literature,and an absence of a comparative awareness in genre studies.This paper proposes to establish a systematic project for this study.