作为计算批评的数字人文

The Digital Humanities as Computational Criticism

数字人文须超越工具阶段,其突破点在于如何以计算批评的方式介入更广泛的话语和文化实践中。计算批评是以数据化和计算建模为基础的知识表征和文本诠释过程,是一种全新的文本阐释学,属于广义的文化批评的范畴。它以作为社会实践的观念领域为对象,其前提是可解释的工具,强调模型在思考和推理过程中具有的意义。在“数据→模型→细读→理论→数据→……”的阐释循环中,人文学者从自身的领域知识和细读体验出发,通过巧妙的实验设计论证问题,激活工具的“自反性”,达到破除算法黑箱、发现文本背后的生产逻辑的目的,使“人”的维度在数字时代重放异彩。就现状而言,计算批评或可成为人文学者参与数字人文研究的方法论基础,未来应有更多的量化成果以计算批评的面貌出现。

Computational criticism is a process of knowledge representation and textual interpretation based on data and computational modeling.It targets the conceptual field as a social practice,premised on interpretable tools,and emphasizes the significance of models in the process of thinking and reasoning.In the interpretive cycle of“data→model→interpretation→theory→data→...”humanities scholars start from their own domain knowledge and interpretive experience,and activate the“self-reflexivity”of the tools through clever experimental design arguments,with the aim of breaking the black box of the algorithm and discovering the production logic behind the text,so that the“human”dimension can reappear in the digital age.