拜占庭帝国中兴的悲歌--12世纪末安德罗尼库斯一世改革探析

A Lament for the Revival of the Byzantine Empire:On the Reforms of Andronikos I Komnenos at the End of Twelfth Century

12世纪末,科穆宁王朝末代皇帝安德罗尼库斯一世为拯救拜占庭帝国的命运,采取了一系列重要改革措施。作为僭位者的安德罗尼库斯一世试图通过改革巩固叛乱果实,获得拜占庭民众支持。他加强中央集权,铲除潜在的皇位威胁者,严惩官员贪腐,重建官僚制度,完善帝国法律制度,根除陈规陋习。但是由于在改革过程中操之过急,过分强调暴力手段,加之改革缺乏深思熟虑,没有遵循循序渐进、先易后难的改革步骤,侵犯到早已势力坐大的军事贵族利益,最终导致了改革的失败。

At the end of the 12th century,Andronikos I Komnenos,the last emperor of the Komnenian dynasty,adopted a series of important reforms to save the Byzantine Empire.As a usurper,Andronikos I Komnenos sought to consolidate the fruits of the rebellion through reforms and gain the support of the Byzantines.He planned to build a centralized government,eliminated potential threats to the throne,punished corrupt officials,rebuilt the bureaucracy system,improved the imperial legal system,eradicated old habits and bad customs.The reforms ultimately failed because Andronikos I Komnenos was too hasty in the reform process and over-emphasized the use of violent means,coupled with the reforms lacked careful consideration and did not adopted the method of advancing gradually in due order,especially he encroached on the interests of the large military aristocracy.