健康教育护理对维持性血液透析患者的效果分析

Effect of Health Education and Nursing on Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

目的 探讨健康教育护理干预对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者的影响。方法 选取2019年1月至2021年1月我院符合纳入标准及排除标准的100例维持性MHD患者,按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组,均50例,对照组患者采用传统护理,观察组在对照组护理方案上采用健康教育护理,两组患者在健康知识、治疗依从性、生活质量及并发症进行对比。结果 观察组患者在疾病知识、用药安全知识、饮食结构知识及自我护理知识等分数均高于对照组,存在差异(P <0.05);观察组完全依从29例(58.00%),部分依从18例(36.00%),总依从47例(94.00%),对照组完全依从19例(38.00%),部分依从22例(44.00%),总依从41例(82.00%),两组存在差异(χ2=4.332,P=0.037);护理前,对照组和观察组患者生活质量各项评分相似(P> 0.05),护理6个月后,两组生活质量各项评分均升高,且观察组高于对照组(P <0.05);观察组护理期间出现的心律失常、心力衰竭、血压及出血等并发症的发生率均低于对照组,两组间比较存在差异(P <0.05)。结论 健康教育护理干预能够通过提高自我护理能力及依从性,降低治疗并发症,增加生活质量,值得推荐。

Objective To explore the effect of health education and nursing intervention on patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods A total of 100 MHD patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to random number method,50 patients in each group.The control group was treated with traditional nursing.The observation group received health education nursing on the control group of nursing program,and the two groups of patients were compared in health knowledge,treatment compliance,quality of life and complications.Results The scores of disease knowledge,medication safety knowledge,dietary structure knowledge and self-care knowledge in observation group were higher than those in control group(P<0.05).In the observation group,there were 29 cases of complete compliance(58.00%),18 cases of partial compliance(36.00%),and 47 cases of total compliance(94.00%).In the control group,there were 19 cases of complete compliance(38.00%),22 cases of partial compliance(44.00%),and 41 cases of total compliance(82.00%).There were differences between the two groups(χ2=4.332,P=0.037).Before nursing,the scores of quality of life of patients in the control group and the observation group were similar(P>0.05),after 6 months of nursing,the scores of quality of life in both groups increased,and the observation group was higher than the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of complications such as arrhythmia,heart failure,blood pressure and bleeding in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,and there was a difference between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Health education and nursing intervention can reduce treatment complications and increase quality of life by improving self-care ability and compliance,which is worthy of recommendation.