黏膜下子宫肌瘤的超声诊断研究进展

Research Progress in Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Submucosal Uterine Leiomyoma

子宫肌瘤是临床较为常见的一类良性肿瘤,以结缔组织和平滑肌为主要构成。子宫肌瘤大致可分为三种,以子宫壁与子宫肌瘤间的不同关系划分,即肌壁间肌瘤、浆膜下肌瘤和黏膜下肌瘤。黏膜下肌瘤是子宫肌瘤突向子宫腔生长的一类表现,表面仅有黏膜层覆盖。黏膜下肌瘤的存在进一步增加了子宫内膜面积,患者可能出现经期延长、经量增多等症状,如病情严重还将出现失血性休克、失血性贫血、全身乏力等症状。如黏膜下肌瘤带蒂,可能存在挤出宫颈外口突向阴道的风险。黏膜下肌瘤可能出现溃烂、感染、坏死、出血等问题,分泌物多成脓血性、血性、脓性,部分会散发恶臭气味。此外,黏膜下肌瘤还可能导致流产、不孕、腹痛等问题,是患者健康的重要威胁。对此,加强黏膜下肌瘤的诊断,尤其黏膜下肌瘤的早期诊断,提高诊断准确率,降低检查成本,具有重要意义。目前,黏膜下子宫肌瘤超声诊断已经经过了多个阶段的发展,包括二维超声、三维超声、超声造影等,技术的发展和应用极大地提高了诊断的便捷性和高效性。本文即围绕黏膜下子宫肌瘤的超声诊断就其进展进行了综述。

Uterine fibroids are a common type of benign tumors in clinic,mainly composed of connective tissue and smooth muscle.Uterine fibroids can be roughly divided into three types,which are divided into different relationships between the uterine wall and uterine fibroids,namely,intramural fibroids,subserosal fibroids and submucosal fibroids.Submucosal fibroids are a type of manifestation of uterine fibroids growing into the uterine cavity,and the surface is covered by only the mucosal layer.The presence of submucosal fibroids further increases the area of the endometrium,and patients may experience symptoms such as prolonged menstruation and increased menstrual flow.If the condition is serious,symptoms such as hemorrhagic shock,hemorrhagic anemia,and malaise will also occur.If the submucosal fibroids are pedicled,there may be a risk of squeezing the outer cervical orifice to the vagina.Submucosal fibroids may have problems such as ulceration,infection,necrosis,and bleeding.The secretions are mostly purulent,bloody,and purulent,and some will emit foul smell.In addition,submucosal fibroids may also cause problems such as miscarriage,infertility,and abdominal pain,which are an important threat to the health of patients.In this regard,it is of great significance to strengthen the diagnosis of submucosal fibroids,especially the early diagnosis of submucosal fibroids,improve the diagnostic accuracy,and reduce inspection costs.At present,the ultrasound diagnosis of submucosal uterine fibroids has gone through multiple stages of development,including two-dimensional ultrasound,three-dimensional ultrasound,and contrast-enhanced ultrasound.The development and application of technology have greatly improved the convenience and efficiency of diagnosis.This article reviews the progress of ultrasound diagnosis of submucosal uterine fibroids.