饮食行为及管理对高血压患者血压控制的影响

Effect of dietary behavior and management on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients

目的探讨饮食行为及管理对高血压患者血压控制的影响。方法回顾性选取2017年4月至2018年4月福建福州市某社区591例高血压患者作为研究对象,进行饮食习惯问卷调查,逐一记录。在单因素分析基础上,对结果进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果单因素分析结果显示,饮食行为管理、医保、吸烟、口味喜好、常食用腌制烟熏食品、盐食用量、油食用量、肉类食用量、水果蔬菜食用量、豆制品坚果类食用量等是影响血压控制的相关因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);文化程度、饮食指导、是否参加饮食行为管理活动及讲座、家人朋友是否进行饮食行为管理、是否知晓饮食行为与高血压关系是影响饮食行为管理的相关因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,未进行饮食行为管理、常食用腌制烟熏食品、食用盐量多、油食用量多、蔬菜水果食用量少、豆制品坚果类食用量少是导致血压控制不良的独立危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05);未接受饮食指导、不参加饮食行为管理活动及讲座、家人朋友未进行饮食行为管理是影响患者饮食行为管理的独立危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论低盐低油饮食、适量食用蔬菜水果等良好的饮食行为有助于高血压患者的血压控制,可以通过社区讲座、家人朋友的健康教育等提高患者饮食行为管理水平。

Objective To investigate the influence of dietary behavior and management on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients.Methods A total of 591 patients with hypertension in a community in Fuzhou,Fujian Province from April 2017 to April 2018 were retrospectively selected as the research objects.Questionnaire survey on eating habits was conducted.On the basis of univariate analysis,the results were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.Results The results of univariate analysis showed that dietary behavior management,medical insurance,smoking,taste preference,frequent consumption of picckled and smoked food,salt consumption,oil consumption,meat consumption,fruit and vegetable consumption,soy products and nuts consumption were related factors affecting blood pressure control,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Education level,dietary guidance,whether they had participated in dietary behavior management activities and lectures,whether their families and friends had conducted dietary behavior management,and whether they had been aware of the relationship between dietary behavior and hypertension were related factors that affecting dietary behavior management,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that no dietary behavior management,frequent consumption of pickled and smoked food,high consumption of salt and oil,low consumption of vegetables and fruits,soy products and nuts were independent risk factors for poor blood pressure control(OR>1,P<0.05).Not received dietary guidance,not participated dietary behavior management activities and lectures,family and friends not taking dietary behavior management were independent risk factors that affect patients′dietary behavior management(OR>1,P<0.05).Conclusion Good dietary behaviors such as low-salt and low-oil diet and moderate consumption of fruits and vegetables are conducive to blood pressure control of patients with hypertension,and dietary behavior management level of patients can improve through community lectures and health education of family and friends.