“共同富裕”视角下的中国农村多维贫困--来自CHIP 2013-2018的证据

Common Prosperity and Multidimensional Poverty in Rural China:Evidence from CHIP 2013-2018

十八大以来,伴随着我国农村经济持续发展和超常规精准扶贫政策的开展,农村居民综合性福利水平显著提升,多维贫困程度显著下降。本文将夏普里值分解思路扩展到多维贫困模型当中,将多维贫困变化分解为每个维度、每个指标的均值变动和结构变动部分,从而从多维角度理解精准扶贫政策在消除贫困中的作用。研究发现:各项指标的均值增长会带来减贫效应,但指标差距的扩大会抑制多维减贫成效;受教育程度、住房面积和失业指标在2013—2018年间出现差距扩大现象,抑制了多维减贫成效;身体健康状况、医疗费用支出指标则因均值恶化问题产生了提高多维贫困度的作用;资产、儿童入学、安全饮水和工作环境指标呈现出绝对(均值提升或差距缩小)改善,是农村多维贫困下降的主要驱动力。

China marched into a new era after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Part of China in 2012.With the sustainable development of China's rural economy and the development of unconventional targeted poverty alleviation policies,the comprehensive welfare level of rural residents has improved significantly, and the degree of multidimensional poverty has decreased significantly. In this paper, a decomposition model for multidimensional poverty changes is established by using the idea of Shapley decomposition, and multi-dimensional poverty change is divided into the average change and the structural change of each dimension and each indicator, so as to understand the role of targeted poverty alleviation policy in poverty eradication from a multi -dimensional perspective. The research findings of this paper are as follows. (1) The increase of average value of each indicator has the poverty reduction effect, but the increasing imbalance among them has the opposite effect. (2) Gaps of educational level, housing area and unemployment widened between 2013 and 2018, which weakened the total multidimensional poverty reduction effect by growth. (3) Health and medical expenditure aggravates the multidimensional poverty due to the further decrease of the average value. (4) The indicators of assets, children's school attendance, safe drinking water and working environment show absolute improvement (e. g. , the increase of average value or the narrow of gap) , and thus are the main driving force of the reduction of multidimensional poverty in rural multidimensional poverty.