右美托咪定非静脉途径给药临床应用研究进展

Research progress in the clinical application of non-intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine

右美托咪定(Dexmedetomidine,Dex)作为一种新型、高效、高选择性的α_(2)-肾上腺素受体(α_(2)-adrenoceptor,α_(2)-AR)激动剂,可通过激动α_(2)-AR而产生镇静、镇痛、抗焦虑和抗交感作用,且无呼吸抑制的不良反应。因其独特的药理学特点,在临床麻醉工作中得到了广泛使用。近年来,Dex非静脉途径给药方式越来越受到人们的重视。本文就Dex经鼻给药、口服、鞘内注射、周围神经阻滞等非静脉途径给药的相关研究进行综述,探讨Dex非静脉途径的安全性和有效性,以期为Dex在围麻醉期的新用途提供参考。

Dexmedetomidine(Dex)is a novel,highly effective and highly selectiveα_(2)-adrenoceptor(α_(2)-AR)agonist,which could induce sedation,analgesia,anti-anxiety and anti-sympathetic effects through activation ofα_(2)-AR without the side effects of respiratory depression.Because of it's unique pharmacological characteristics,it has been widely used in clinical anesthesia.In recent years,the non-intravenous route of the Dex administration has attracted more and more attention.This article reviews realatedresearches on non-intravenous route administration of Dex,such as nasal administration,oral administration,intrathecal injection,and administration via peripheral nerve block,and explores the safety and effectiveness of Dexnon-venous route,in order to provide reference for the new practice of Dex in the perianaesthesia period.