基于可变轴距拖拉机平台悬挂式农具的撒肥机研制

Development of fertilizer spreader based on variable wheelbase tractor backpack farm attachment

针对丘陵山地地块小、作物品种多,路窄弯多,从而导致有机肥利用率低的问题。利用山地铰接轮式可变轴距拖拉机作为平台悬挂机具的搭建平台,研制平台悬挂式撒肥机。利用EDEM软件对有机肥颗粒的运动进行分析,了解肥料受力以及速度变化的规律。最后,实现样机试制以及测试分析,并基于Design-Expert的正交试验设计和中心组合曲面响应设计。得出各因素对试验指标撒肥均匀分布变异系数影响的显著性由大到小依次为撒肥机行走速度、撒肥机圆盘转速、排料口处手柄调节高度;并以分布变异系数最小为原则,撒肥机行走速度在0.6 m/s,撒肥机圆盘转速在700 r/min,排料口处手柄调节高度为40 mm时,变异系数最小为8.24%。实现丘陵山地地区宽幅高效、均匀稳定的撒肥作业要求,降低生产成本并提高农作物耕种收综合机械化率达到60%。

Aiming at the problem of low utilization rate of organic fertilizer caused by small plots,wide varities of crops,and narrow roads in hilly and mountainous areas,the platform suspension fertilizer spreading machine is successfully developed by using the mountain articulated wheel variable wheelbase tractor as the platform of the platform suspension machine.It realized the requirements of wide,efficient,uniform and stable fertilization in hilly and mountainous areas,reduced production costs and improved agricultural mechanization rate.The movement of organic fertilizer particles was analyzed by EDEM software to understand the law of fertilizer stress and speed change.The prototype test and test analysis are realized at last.Based on the Design-Expert orthogonal test design and the central composite surface response design,it is concluded that the significance of the influence of various factors on the coefficient of variation of the uniform distribution of fertilizer on the test index from large to small is the walking speed of the fertilizer distributor,the rotational speed of the fertilizer distributor disk,and the height of the handle at the discharge port.Based on the principle of the minimum distribution coefficient of variation,when the walking speed of the fertilizer distributor is 0.6 m/s,the rotating speed of the fertilizer distributor disc is 700 r/min,the height of the handle at the discharge port is 40 mm,and the minimum coefficient of variation is 8.24%.It realizes the requirements of wide and efficient,uniform,and stable fertilizer spreading in hilly and mountainous areas,reduces production costs and increases the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation,seeding,and harvesting to 60%.